{"id":13543,"date":"2016-02-01T00:48:55","date_gmt":"2016-02-01T04:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/?p=13543"},"modified":"2016-12-03T09:34:36","modified_gmt":"2016-12-03T13:34:36","slug":"the-emperor-of-all-maladies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;The Emperor of All Maladies&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Siddhartha Mukherjee clarifies cancer with comparison<\/h2>\n<p>If you were \u2026 say \u2026 a brilliant oncologist <strong><em>and<\/em><\/strong> a spectacular writer, and you wanted to tell the story of cancer in a way that people who weren&#8217;t brilliant oncologists could understand and enjoy it, what literary tools might you use?<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13545\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13545\" style=\"width: 342px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13545\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"342,502\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Emperor of All Maladies\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CAN&#8217;T PUT IT DOWN&lt;\/strong&gt; Siddhartha Mukherjee uses analogy to make the science of cancer clear and compelling in &#8216;The Emperor of All Maladies.&#8217; (Photo by PopTech)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies-204x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies.jpg\" alt=\"The Emperor of All Maladies\" title=\"The Emperor of All Maladies\" width=\"342\" height=\"502\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13545 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies.jpg 342w, https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies-204x300.jpg 204w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 342px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 342\/502;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13545\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"342,502\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Emperor of All Maladies\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CAN&#8217;T PUT IT DOWN&lt;\/strong&gt; Siddhartha Mukherjee uses analogy to make the science of cancer clear and compelling in &#8216;The Emperor of All Maladies.&#8217; (Photo by PopTech)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies-204x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies.jpg\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies.jpg\" alt=\"The Emperor of All Maladies\" title=\"The Emperor of All Maladies\" width=\"342\" height=\"502\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13545\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies.jpg 342w, https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-emperor-of-all-maladies-204x300.jpg 204w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13545\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>CAN&#8217;T PUT IT DOWN<\/strong> Siddhartha Mukherjee uses analogy to make the science of cancer clear and compelling in &#8216;The Emperor of All Maladies.&#8217; <em>(Photo by PopTech)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Siddhartha Mukherjee pulls out the stops in\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Emperor-All-Maladies-Biography-Cancer\/dp\/1439107955\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Emperor of All Maladies<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em>\u00a0He uses storytelling, human interest, wordplay \u2014 and some killer etymological insights \u2014 to make his biography of cancer fascinating and accessible.<\/p>\n<p>I promise to keep writing about Mukherjee&#8217;s book until you beg me to stop. But in the meantime, let&#8217;s look at how he uses analogy to make the science of cancer clear and compelling:<\/p>\n<h3>&#8216;Like tiny clenched and unclenched fists&#8217;<\/h3>\n<p>Much of cancer research boils down to observing and reporting. Mukherjee uses analogy to give readers a peek into the microscope:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;His spleen, a fist-size organ that stores and makes blood (usually barely palpable underneath the rib cage), was visibly enlarged, heaving down like an overfilled bag. A drop of blood under Farber\u2019s microscope revealed the identity of his illness; thousands of immature lymphoid leukemic blasts were dividing in a frenzy, their chromosomes condensing and uncondensing, like tiny clenched and unclenched fists.&#8221;<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/revvingupreadership.com\/creative\/creative-copy\/description\/\">Analogy is key to good description<\/a>. Mukherjee uses it to help us\u00a0<em>see<\/em>\u00a0key figures in cancer&#8217;s history:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma was \u2026 announced late to the world of cancer. Its discoverer, Thomas Hodgkin, was a thin, short, nineteenth-century English anatomist with a spadelike beard and an astonishingly curved nose \u2014 a character who might have walked out of an Edward Lear poem.&#8221;<\/div>\n<p>And this analogy helps me envision the dexterity of an early anatomist:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;In 1538, collaborating with artists in Titian\u2019s studio, Vesalius began to publish his detailed drawings in plates and books \u2014 elaborate and delicate etchings charting the courses of arteries and veins, mapping nerves and lymph nodes. In some plates, he pulled away layers of tissue, exposing the delicate surgical planes underneath. In another drawing, he sliced through the brain in deft horizontal sections \u2014 a human CT scanner, centuries before its time \u2014 to demonstrate the relationship between the cisterns and the ventricles.&#8221;<\/div>\n<h3>&#8216;A shiver down the hospital&#8217;s spine&#8217;<\/h3>\n<p>In addition to letting us see people, places and things, analogy can also let readers know what something\u00a0<em>feels<\/em>\u00a0like. In this passage, Mukherjee makes emotion tactile through metaphor:<em><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;The arrival of a patient with acute leukemia still sends a shiver down the hospital\u2019s spine \u2014 all the way from the cancer wards on its upper floors to the clinical laboratories buried deep in the basement.&#8221;<\/div>\n<p>Note how Mukherjee\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/revvingupreadership.com\/2010\/06\/sync-with-the-subject\/\">syncs to the subject<\/a>, elegantly plucking this analogy from the world of medicine and placing it in an emotional landscape:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;In those ten indescribably poignant and difficult months, dozens of patients in my care had died. I felt I was slowly becoming inured to the deaths and the desolation \u2014 vaccinated against the constant emotional brunt.&#8221;<\/div>\n<h3>&#8216;One-eighth the cost of a half gallon of milk&#8217;<\/h3>\n<p>Comparison is also a great tool for\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/revvingupreadership.com\/creative\/creative-copy\/metaphor\/statistics\/\">taking the &#8220;numb&#8221; out of numbers<\/a>, or making statistics more relevant and interesting. In this passage, Mukherjee&#8217;s comparisons dwarf the funds raised for cancer research:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;In the fast-growing, fast-consuming world of medical research in 1948, the $231,000 raised by the Jimmy Fund was an impressive, but still modest sum \u2014 enough to build a few floors of a new building in Boston, but far from enough to build a national scientific edifice against cancer. In comparison, in 1944, the Manhattan Project spent $100 million every month at the Oak Ridge site. In 1948, Americans spent more than $126 million on Coca-Cola alone.&#8221;<\/div>\n<p>And in this one, he demonstrates how affordable a once-precious medicine became:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;Penicillin, that precious chemical that had to be milked to its last droplet during World War II (in 1939, the drug was reextracted from the urine of patients who had been treated with it to conserve every last molecule), was by the early fifties being produced in thousand-gallon vats. In 1942, when Merck had shipped out its first batch of penicillin \u2014 a mere five and a half grams of the drug \u2014 that amount had represented half of the entire stock of the antibiotic in America. A decade later, penicillin was being mass-produced so effectively that its price had sunk to four cents for a dose, one-eighth the cost of a half gallon of milk.&#8221;<\/div>\n<h3>&#8216;More perfect versions of ourselves&#8217;<\/h3>\n<p>Because they compel attention, metaphors\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/revvingupreadership.com\/creative\/creative-copy\/metaphor\/creative-copy\/\">add power to your points<\/a>. In this passage, analogy drives home the point that Mukherjee&#8217;s impressive training left him ill equipped for his cancer fellowship:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;There were seven such cancer fellows at this hospital. On paper, we seemed like a formidable force: graduates of five medical schools and four teaching hospitals, sixty-six years of medical and scientific training, and twelve postgraduate degrees among us. But none of those years or degrees could possibly have prepared us for this training program. Medical school, internship, and residency had been physically and emotionally grueling, but the first months of the fellowship flicked away those memories as if all of that had been child\u2019s play, the kindergarten of medical training.&#8221;<\/div>\n<p>I know that cancer cells spread quickly. But this analogy makes me think about cell division in a new light:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;Cancer cells grow faster, adapt better. They are more perfect versions of ourselves.&#8221;<\/div>\n<p>Mukherjee&#8217;s analogy here makes a point beyond familiar hospital gown jokes:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;\u2026 a patient\u2019s smock (a tragicomically cruel costume, no less blighting than a prisoner\u2019s jumpsuit) \u2026&#8221;<\/div>\n<p>This metaphor makes leukemia vivid \u2026<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;Leukemia was a malignant proliferation of white cells in the blood. It was cancer in a molten, liquid form.&#8221;<\/div>\n<p>\u2026 as this one makes its destruction clear:<\/p>\n<h5>\u201cA monster more insatiable than the guillotine \u2026\u201d<\/h5>\n<h3>&#8216;Convenience stores for the medieval anatomist&#8217;<\/h3>\n<p>Sometimes Mukherjee&#8217;s analogies are just good for a laugh:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;The gibbet and the graveyard \u2014 the convenience stores for the medieval anatomist \u2026&#8221;<\/div>\n<h3>&#8216;The king of terrors&#8217;<\/h3>\n<p>Several of\u00a0<em>Emperor&#8217;s<\/em>\u00a0analogies come from medicine itself. Doctors and researchers developed them as they saw or experienced things they&#8217;d never seen or experienced before.<\/p>\n<p>Mukherjee passes them on so the reader, too, can see or experience them in passages like this:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;In 1898, \u2026 an Austrian pathologist, Carl Sternberg, was looking through a microscope at a patient\u2019s glands when he found a peculiar series of cells staring back at him: giant, disorganized cells with cleaved, bilobed nuclei \u2014 &#8216;owl\u2019s eyes,&#8217; as he described them, glaring sullenly out from the forests of lymph. Hodgkin\u2019s anatomy had reached its final cellular resolution. These owl\u2019s-eye cells were malignant lymphocytes, lymph cells that had turned cancerous. Hodgkin\u2019s disease was a cancer of the lymph glands \u2014 a lymphoma.&#8221;<\/div>\n<p>And this:<\/p>\n<div class=\"excerptbox dropshadow\">&#8220;Blood tests performed by Carla\u2019s doctor had revealed that her red cell count was critically low, less than a third of normal. Instead of normal white cells, her blood was packed with millions of large, malignant white cells \u2014 blasts, in the vocabulary of cancer.&#8221;<\/div>\n<p>Finally, of course, the title of the book itself is an analogy. For it, Mukherjee quotes a note a 19th-century surgeon once scribbled about cancer in a book&#8217;s frontispiece: &#8220;the emperor of all maladies, the king of terrors.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>How can you use metaphor to clarify complex concepts?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id='MC-AOS-MP' class='widgets_on_page wop_tiny1  wop_small1  wop_medium1  wop_large1  wop_wide1'>\n\t\t\t<ul><li id=\"custom_html-40\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html\"><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><a title=\"Master the Art of Storytelling - Ann Wylie's creative-content workshop\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/corporate-communications-training\/writing-classes\/business-storytelling-training\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/storytelling-workshop.png\" alt=\"Master the Art of Storytelling - Ann Wylie's creative-content workshop\" title=\"Master the Art of Storytelling - Ann Wylie's creative-content workshop\" width=\"auto\" height=\"auto\" border=\"0\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 250px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 250\/250;float:left; text-align:left; margin: 0 auto; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 18x; line-height: 22px; padding: 0px; color: #FFFFFF; max-width:100%; max-height:100%;\" class=\"img-max lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/storytelling-workshop.png\" alt=\"Master the Art of Storytelling - Ann Wylie's creative-content workshop\" title=\"Master the Art of Storytelling - Ann Wylie's creative-content workshop\" width=\"auto\" height=\"auto\" border=\"0\" style=\"float:left; text-align:left; margin: 0 auto; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 18x; line-height: 22px; padding: 0px; color: #FFFFFF; max-width:100%; max-height:100%;\" class=\"img-max\"><\/noscript><\/a><h3>How can you tell better business stories?<\/h3>\r\n<p>Stories are so effective that Og Mandino, the late author of the bestselling <em>The Greatest Salesman in the World<\/em>, says, \u201cIf you have a point, find a story.\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Learn to find, develop and write stories that engage readers\u2019 hearts and minds at <a title=\"Master the Art of Storytelling - Ann Wylie's creative-content workshop\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/corporate-communications-training\/writing-classes\/business-storytelling-training\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Master the Art of Storytelling<\/strong><\/a>, our content-writing training workshop.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>There, you\u2019ll learn how to find the aha! moment that\u2019s the gateway to every anecdote. 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